Genotypical features of biochemical composition and antioxidant complex of fruit of high blueberry (Vaccinium Corymbosum L.) in Belarus conditions

   The results of a comparative study in the southern agroclimatic zone of Belarus of the biochemical composition and levels of antioxidant and enzymatic activity of fruits of 6 new introduced varieties of highbush blueberries: early ripening Chanticleer and Hannah's Choice, mid-ripening Bluegold and Harrison, late ripening Aurora and Rubel, as well as those corresponding to these ripeness groups released varieties Weymouth, Bluecrop and Elliott. A significant dependence of their biochemical composition, as well as antioxidant and enzymatic activities on the plant genotype was revealed. It was found that the tested early-ripening varieties were 1.7 and 2.0 times inferior to the Weymouth variety in terms of fruit quality, and the mid-ripening varieties were 2.3 and 8.0 times superior to the standard Bluecrop variety in this regard, with the greatest differences in the Bluegold variety, which was superior to the Harrison variety in the quality composition of the fruits by 3.5 times, while the late-ripening variety Aurora was 2.5 times behind the Elliott variety in terms of the integral level of nutritional and vitamin value of fruits, and the Rubel variety, on the contrary, surpassed it in this regard by 4.5 times, exceeding this indicator in varieties Aurora by 11.3 times. In the corresponding taxonomic groups, the leading position in the qualitative composition of fruits of the varieties Weymouth, Bluegold and Rubel is justified. It was found that the highest antioxidant and enzymatic activity of fruits was characterized by late-ripening blueberry varieties – Elliott and especially Rubel, while the lowest – by the mid-ripening variety Bluecrop. It was revealed that both tested early-ripening varieties and the late-ripening Aurora lag behind the corresponding zoned varieties in terms of antioxidant, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activity of fruits and that both tested mid-ripening varieties and the late-ripening Rubel variety exceeded the reference level of these indicators. A complete coincidence of highbush blueberry varietal series was established in terms of changes in the levels of antioxidant and enzymatic activity of the fruit, as well as the integral level of their nutritional and vitamin value based on the totality of biochemical characteristics.

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