Composition and antimicrobial activity of alcoholic and ether extracts of sphagnum peat and sphagnum moss

From the sphagnum mosses Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum angustifolium, Sphagnum apiculatum, and magellanicum and fuscum peat, samples enriched with phenolic compounds were isolated by extraction with ethyl alcohol and diethyl ether. It was found that the mass fraction of free phenolic compounds in alcohol and ether extracts was in the range 23.46–33.70 mg/ml. Their composition includes 5,15–5,72 % catechins, 4,30–7,21 % phenolcarboxylic acids, 25,31–36,49 % flavonols. The biocidal activity of phenol-containing extracts against a number of phytopathogenic microorganisms – Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Н. П. Pseudomonas corrugate 3′, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Erwinia amylovora E-2 (БИМ B-641) Pectobacterium carotovorum 25.1, Fusarium oxysporum 381 Alternaria sp. Г-4. The highest antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by an alcohol extract of Fusum moss with 20 % ethanol at 100 °C, which suppressed the development of all phytopathogens except for Alternaria pathogen. Alcoholic extract of fuscum moss with 70 % ethanol showed activity only against F. oxysporum 381 and C. michiganensis H. П., and fuscum peat – bacteria C. michiganensis H. П., P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Diethyl ether extracts of sphagnum mosses of all species suppressed the growth of C. michiganensis H. П. and P. corrugata 3′. Activity against P. corrugata 3′, Pec. carotovorum 25.1, and F. oxysporum 381 was recorded for fuscum peat extracts with diethyl ether and diethyl ether after preextraction with petroleum ether. Essential extracts of mosses Angustifolium, Apiculatum and Fuscum showed activity against the pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000.

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