Analysis of average monthly air temperature and monthly precipitation sums has been performed using quantile regression method. Percentiles corresponding with selected extremes, i. e. below 0.1 and above 0.9, were taken into consideration. Distribution and temporal variability of temperature quantiles were determined for winter and summer seasons. Statistically significant relation between air temperature and characteristics of underlying surface is observed mainly for quantile 0.9 above. Spatial distribution of quantiles of monthly precipitation sums is more complex and is close to seasonal average only for 0.9 quantile. At the same time, their temporal variability corresponds well with features of modern warming. Statistically significant relation between monthly precipitation sums and elevation above sea level was found.

Based on the regression analysis, quantitative estimates of the influence of climatic factors (average air temperature and precipitation) on the dynamics of the yield of winter (wheat, rye) and early spring (barley, oats) grain crops for the administrative regions of Belarus for the period 1960–2021 were obtained. It is shown that during the period of warming (1989–2021) in all regions, with the exception of Vitebsk and, in part, Mogilev regions, the actual increment in yields decreased significantly. Moreover, this affected winter rye to the maximum, and winter wheat to the minimum. In the course of warming, relatively stable thermal conditions in all regions were replaced by a statistically significant increase in temperatures at key stages of vegetative development, ripening and harvesting of grain crops. As a result, if before the active phase of warming, climate change in all regions of Belarus mainly contributed to an insignificant increase in the yield of grain crops, then under conditions of warming, they everywhere and statistically significantly reduced their levels. The exception here is winter crops in the Brest region. A particularly significant climate-induced decrease in productivity took place in early spring crops and, above all, in the southern regions of the country.

The article presents the study results of the stability of sample estimates of statistical parameters for various segments of the initial time series of the maximum water levels of the Pripyat River at the Mozyr station for the period from 1881 to 2020. The sections of the series differing in the degree of anthropogenic impact on the water level and the type of atmospheric circulation are considered. It is concluded that there are statistically significant changes in the dynamics of the maximum water levels of Pripyat River at the Mozyr station due to both natural-climatic and anthropogenic changes in the hydrological cycle. It is shown that when analyzing the patterns of long-term fluctuations of the maximum water levels of rivers, it is desirable to use the methods of the random processes theory in combination with the analysis of the considered process genesis and the natural and economic factors determining it, primarily climatic.

The article describes the hydrological and hydrochemical regime of river channels between the lakes of the Braslav Lakes National Park and the lakes they connect. The relevance of the study is due not only to the important ecological role of the channels, which consists in the redistribution of runoff, dissolved matters and aquatic organisms, but also to insufficient knowledge about them.
An analysis of the water composition of ten river channels between the lakes of the Braslav Lakes National Park showed that the channels between the lakes Svyatso and Berezhe, Yelnya Malaya and Voloso Severny have the strongest influence on the hydrochemical regime of the downstream lakes. The channel from the hypertrophic Lake Noviato to Lake Driviaty does not have a significant effect on the composition of the water in Lake Driviaty due to the large volume of water and favorable conditions for the oxidation of pollutants.

The article presents the results of a quantitative assessment of the natural resources of fresh groundwater of Bialowieza Forest, carried out taking into account its geostructural position, hydrogeological features within each specified hydrographic catchment network during the construction of GIS.
A method is proposed for determining the sensitivity of groundwater to modern climatic variations by estimating the change in the value of underground flow into rivers, which is calculated from a river hydrograph. It has been shown that during the period of instrumental observations (1946–2018), the period of modern climate warming (1990–2018) is characterized by a 13.5% decrease in the average long-term value of underground flow into the Lesnaya Pravaya River, the catchment of which covers the southern part of the protected area of Bialowieza Forest.

The paper presents information on the methods for determining and obtaining data on the thermophysical characteristics and phase composition of water of loose rock in the territory of the Belarusian Antarctic station (BAS). For experimental study of the indicated characteristics, automated installations have been created in the laboratory of physical and chemical mechanics of natural dispersed systems at the Institute of Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. They make it possible to carry out such studies under the conditions of the BAS in the autonomous mode or in control via remote access.
The paper presents data on the initial and thermophysical characteristics, as well as the phase composition of water of loose rock samples taken on the territory of the BAS.

The research aims to improve the accuracy of estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which needs to be done for key categories of GHG emissions under the commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Transport is a key category of GHG emissions in the national GHG inventory, which the Republic of Belarus has been implementing since 2003, along with other Parties to Annex I to the UNFCCC. The share of GHG emissions from road transport tends to increase every year and since 2009 has not fallen below 10 % of total national GHG emissions, excluding removals from forestry. An increase in the accuracy of the estimate was made for CO2 emissions by transition from methodological tier 1 to methodological tier 2 using national emission factors.
National emission factors for CO2 from automobile fuels and residual fuel oil consumption have been developed from information on the carbon content of the fuel and using the mass balance method.
The results of the study make it possible for the first time to increase the methodological tier of calculations of CO2 emissions from the consumption of automobile fuels and residual fuel oil by moving from tier 1 to tier 2.

The main topic of the study is the methodology and algorithm for assessing and mapping the geoecological conditions of an urban area, which include the analysis and assessment of the geoecological situation and the comfort of the living environment of the population, obtained using the theory of fuzzy sets, as well as the geoecological potential of geo-ecosystems, calculated using the parameters of their resistance to technogenic impacts. and degree of impairment. As operational units of analysis, natural-technical systems are used, identified by overlaying maps of natural (lithological, geomorphological, hydrogeological, etc.) conditions and functional zoning of the city territory. The developed methodology was implemented on the example of the city of Vitebsk with the construction of a series of geoecological maps, including an integral map of the geoecological conditions of the city, reflecting the differentiation of the city into different classes of geoecological conditions and according to the identified geoecological restrictions for the life of the population and the risk of morbidity of the population. This technique is universal, it can be used for various urban areas with any set of factors that determine the state of natural and technical systems, for any degree of urbanization, both in manual and machine methods of information processing.

An analysis of satellite images of 42 peatlands with a total area of 25,168 hectares or 18.5 % of the territory of the Smolevichi district of the Minsk region showed that about 14.8 % of the peatlands remained intact (natural bog), the rest was subjected to hydrotechnical reclamation. The area of peat deposits retired from industrial exploitation is 41.4 %, of which 70.2 % are in a disturbed state. A comparative ecological assessment of the worked-out area of the Usyazh peat deposit is given, taking into account the genesis, geomorphological features of the deposit, hydrological characteristics of the object, the quality of the residual peat layer and underlying rocks and possible directions of use, as well as a feasibility study and social justification for the expediency of environmental protection use.

Materials of years of field work, calculations of quantitative characteristics of the manifestation intensity of particular geological processes, studies at geodynamic polygons and also published data, topographic maps and remote sensing information were analyzed. On this basis schemes of modern geological processes manifestation were constructed and their three classes (exogenous, endogenous and technogenic) were characterized. A certain differentiation of their manifestation in terms of area and intensity was revealed. It has been found that natural complexes and outbuildings are disturbed or in exceptional cases completely destructed in areas of extreme development of these processes.

The article presents an analysis of works dedicated to feasibility of bringing into development commonly occurring mineral resources (COMR) and suggests an approach for classifying, on the basis of development acceptability, the most significant deposits of non-metallic minerals of the territory of the Brest region in terms of thickness and area, which were discovered using numerical geological-genetic modelling of the Cenozoic strata of the region. The proposed approach is based on the use of “land plot category” criterion, allowing for an assessment of the feasibility of introducing deposits into development, taking into account the specific nature of the area to which they are attached, as well as criteria reflecting certain geological and industrial parameters of the deposits (thickness of rocks and overburden, overburden ratio). The procedure for COMR classification on the basis of the proposed approach is implemented automatically by integrating raster scans with subsequent generation of final cartographical classification schemes of two types: the one reflects the acceptability of introducing all the deposit outlines of a particular mineral identified during modelling and the other – the order of development of one particular deposit to be exploited. The deposits on the generated schematic maps are ranked in five categories: (1) most acceptable for development; (2) acceptable for development; (3) acceptable for development in the presence of sharp demand; (4) whose development is highly undesirable; (5) whose development is impossible. The proposed approach can be regarded as a rapid assessment option to screen out the COMR, whose development is unfeasible, in the early planning stage of development.

The paper presents the results of a palaeoichthyological study of the core samples from the Klimovichi 4п borehole drilled in the Klimovichi district of the Mogilev region in eastern Belarus. Based on the ichthyofauna remains, as well as on the lithological and geophysical data, a detailed stratigraphic division of the Upper Emsian-Givetian deposits exposed by the above-mentioned borehole was performed. Their detailed description is given. The ichthyofauna evidences were used to compare these deposits with the similar age sediments developed within the adjacent territories of Ukraine, Russia and the Baltic States. The data obtained on the Late Emsian-Givetian ichthyofauna supplement to a certain extent the systematic composition of this ichthyofauna within the territory of Belarus. The results presented should be taken into account in the future when a large-scale geological survey will be performed within the studied area.

The development belongs to the field of thermochemical processing of solid fuels and other combustible materials by pyrolysis to produce high-caloric solid and liquid products, combustible gases, and can be used for thermochemical processing of brown coals, oil shale, polymer waste and petroleum products. Preliminary tests and calculations have shown that the developed pilot unit allows to realize a fundamentally new technological scheme of thermal processing of oil shale without additional heat carrier with separation of liquid, gaseous and solid components in the process of processing. The developed unit does not require traditional cyclone and condenser. An important advantage of the developed unit is the reuse (combustion) of volatile components of the pyrolysis process in the recycled material heating cycle, which significantly reduces the environmental impact of the thermal processing products emissions.

The article is dedicated to the problem of polymer containing waste utilization by the method of their catalytic pyrolysis with peat as the result of which new types of chemical raw or fuel of more higher quality with maximum high burning warmth are obtained. One of the main factors determines the conversion depth of the given process is the use of the catalysts of hydrocarbon raw decomposition, which are the salts of iron subgroups metals.
It is established that significant increase in the depth of organic substance conversion expressed in decrease in the balance of cock-ash residue content up to 25 % of organic material has been found in stationary layer during the pyrolysis of peat polymeric compositions during catalysts presence (cobalt, manganese, iron salts).
Products contained in gaseous and liquid fractions are more energy intensive in the result of the catalytic pyrolysis of peat polymeric compositions. Polymer addition during catalyst presence leads to an increase in their heating value. Then an increase in pyrolysis gas calorific value rises in 1.5-2 times during the thermo chemical destruction of peat polymeric systems in samples containing up to 20 % by the mass of polymeric waste.

The proposed technology of borehole hydraulic extraction of sapropel under a layer of peat has no analogues, and therefore the establishment of quality indicators of sapropel pulp, parameters of pipeline transport and technical characteristics of equipment is of great scientific and practical importance. The calculation of hydroextraction of sapropel is carried out on a specific example, taking into account the actual conditions of occurrence of sapropel under peat and its general technical properties. It has been established that during the extraction of sapropel lying under a layer of peat at Gala-Kovalevskoye deposit, in order to achieve the required pulp consistency, it is necessary to add 3.4 tons of water per 1 ton of sapropel. The calculation of the actual value of the Reynolds parameter made it possible to reveal that, with the accepted initial data, a laminar flow regime of the sapropel pulp is observed. With an internal diameter of the pipeline of 0.2 m and a length of 1000 m, the calculated power of the generator supplying the mechanisms of the mining installation with electricity is 60 kW, and the total power of the pressure and suction pumps is 54 kW.

Experimental data on the influence of the additives of some inorganic reagents, having direct effect on the formation process of the porous structure of carbon materials are given in the article. It is shown that inorganic modifiers (zink chloride and orthophosphoric acid) influence on the process of peat thermal destruction, change the output of final products. Semi-coke output increases in comparison to non-modified peat and liquid and gaseous decrease what evidences the conservation of the significant part of carbon and oxygen in the fossil residues of pyrolysis. Thermal analysis data evidence more low temperatures of the course of structure formation in the coke residue of modified peat. Peat modification contributes to the direct formation of the pore structure of the products of peat coking. Intense creation of micro porous take their place as the result of samples thermal destruction containing 50 and 100 % of zink chloride during 600 ºС temperature. Semi-coke samples on sorption activity on iodine are close to commercial activated carbons. Intense creation of micro-porous during peat thermal destruction modified by orthophosphoric acid in the amount of 50 and 100 % take place during 450 ºС temperature when organic substance loss in the form of volatile products is observed.

From the sphagnum mosses Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum angustifolium, Sphagnum apiculatum, and magellanicum and fuscum peat, samples enriched with phenolic compounds were isolated by extraction with ethyl alcohol and diethyl ether. It was found that the mass fraction of free phenolic compounds in alcohol and ether extracts was in the range 23.46–33.70 mg/ml. Their composition includes 5,15–5,72 % catechins, 4,30–7,21 % phenolcarboxylic acids, 25,31–36,49 % flavonols. The biocidal activity of phenol-containing extracts against a number of phytopathogenic microorganisms – Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Н. П. Pseudomonas corrugate 3′, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Erwinia amylovora E-2 (БИМ B-641) Pectobacterium carotovorum 25.1, Fusarium oxysporum 381 Alternaria sp. Г-4. The highest antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by an alcohol extract of Fusum moss with 20 % ethanol at 100 °C, which suppressed the development of all phytopathogens except for Alternaria pathogen. Alcoholic extract of fuscum moss with 70 % ethanol showed activity only against F. oxysporum 381 and C. michiganensis H. П., and fuscum peat – bacteria C. michiganensis H. П., P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Diethyl ether extracts of sphagnum mosses of all species suppressed the growth of C. michiganensis H. П. and P. corrugata 3′. Activity against P. corrugata 3′, Pec. carotovorum 25.1, and F. oxysporum 381 was recorded for fuscum peat extracts with diethyl ether and diethyl ether after preextraction with petroleum ether. Essential extracts of mosses Angustifolium, Apiculatum and Fuscum showed activity against the pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000.

In connection with the improvement of biological systems for the protection of plantings of tall blueberries from phytopathogens in the conditions of Belarus, it is assumed that it is very likely and promising to use microbial diseases in these cases, improve the increased ecological purity of berry products, which is consistent with the application in Belarus in November 2018 by the Law "On the production and prohibition of organic products", which prohibits the use of any American products in crop technologies, including the volume of fungicidal action. To achieve this goal, in the Gantsevichi district of the Brest region. For the first time, a new liquid bacterial preparation, HealthBerrin, developed at the Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, was tested on the basis of cells, spores and food products of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Б.16, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens З.9 bacteria to protect crop fruits from diseases. Along with this, another test of this drug was carried out in doses with a 2 % solution of potassium humate.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of fungicides, carried out on the basis of a study in the experimental culture of the degree of exposure to various doses and the frequency of plant treatments based on the main development parameters and the biochemical composition of the results of the study with the Bellis chemical fungicide, approved for use on the territory of the Republic on tall blueberry plantations. Of particular interest was the study of identified diseases for the content in its fruits of hydroxycinnamic acids, pectin and tannin manifestations (tannins), which have a multifaceted physiological effect on the organ, which is determined by the whole essence of the work.